Several methods of enhancing human performance might have implications for military and intelligence operations. This overview introduces three different paths to human-performance enhancement (HPE) that are addressed more fully in subsequent chapters: (1) genetic modifications, (2) artificial intelligence (AI), and (3) “Internet of Bodies” (IoB) approaches in which devices that are implanted in or worn by a human are connected to a network. Other approaches, such as pharmacology, are not addressed. The content of this report is drawn primarily from reviews of the literature, augmented by researcher expertise in associated areas.